B. * A process is carried out in such а manner that no heat can flow from the system to the surroundings or vice versa i.e. the system is completely insulated from the surroundings.
А process is carried out in such а manner that the temperature remains constant throughout the process.
А process which is carried out infinitesimally slowly so that all changes occurring in the direct process can be exactly reversed.
Micelle of a colloid surfactant will have the following structure in a certain solvent: polar groups are turned towards the solvent, while radicals are facing the micelle center. What solvent is it?
To prepare 50 g of hypertonic sodium chloride solution with mass concentration 10% it is necessary to take:
Microorganisms that reach blood and other biological systems have negative surface charge. What surfactants are used as antibacterial agents to suppress the action of microorganisms?
If the pressure is increased over a solution in which a solid is dissolved in a liquid, what happens to the solubility of the solid?
What is the mole fraction of ascorbic acid, C6H8O6 (M = 176 g/mol), in a solution containing 80.5 g of ascorbic acid and 210 g of water?
The process of separating the particles of colloids from those of crystalloids by diffusion of the mixture through а parchment or an animal membrane.
System, in which a dispersion phase and dispersion medium are liquids, which are non dissolved eth other.
Part of chemistry, which studies physical and chemical properties of microheterogeneous system and HMC.
The value of ∆H0 for the reaction below is -790 kJ. The enthalpy change accompanying the reaction of 0.1 mol g of S is __________ kJ. 2s(s)+3O2 (g) ---->2SO3
Smoke is dispersed system with size dispersed phase particle equal 10-4. What type system of it is(G-gas, L-Liquid, S-solid)?
What method ensures reliable sterilization of biological liquids (serums, solutions, enzymes, vitamines etc.) that cannot be exposed to high temperatures?
While preparing a solution, a pharmaceutical analyst converted a freshly formed precipitate into a sol by treating it with an electrolyte solution. What method of obtaining disperse systems was used by the analyst?
When cells are placed in а solution with а lower solute concentration (hypotonic solution), so red blood cells will:
Heat cannot be transferred from one body to a second body at a higher temperature without producing some other effect.
If the volume or pressure is constant the total amount of evolved or absorbed heat depends only on the nature of the initial reactants and the final products and doesn’t depend on the passing way of reaction.
A thermodynamic function of a system, equivalent to the sum of the internal energy of the system plus the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure exerted on it by its surroundings.
Selective solvents are used in laboratories and factories to isolate and refine essential oils, alkaloids, antibiotics and other pharmaceutical substances. This process is called:
The high molecular compounds (HMC) are used in pharmacy and medicine. What property of colloid solution is typical for solutions of HMC?
Skin diseases can be treated with pastes. What class of disperse systems can the pastes be related to?
The process which involves the movement of colloidal particles towards one or the other electrode when placed under the influence of an electric field:
What factor influences on the value of maximum adsorption of surface active compounds on a liquid – gas interfaces?
How will change physical and chemical properties at diminishing of length of hydrocarbon radical in the molecules of surface active compounds?
Application of active coal for cleaning of antibiotics is based on the process of spontaneous change of concentration of a component in the superficial layer of aqueous solutions, comparatively with the bulk of the solution. This process is:
When a small amount of crystal solute is added to the supersaturated solution, the solute crystals will ______.
Pharmaceutical practice widely applies isotonic solution of sodium chloride. How much sodium chloride is to be taken in order to prepare 100 g of the isotonic solution?
In which of the given rows acid are placed in order of decreasing of surface tension their solutions of the same concentration?
Emulsions are widely used in pharmaceutical practice. What is the process of spontaneous merging of drops in emulsions called?
The method of treating people with serious diseases and intoxications is based on the absorption of toxic substances from the blood. What is this method called?
At the decreasing of length of hydrocarbon radical on a group CH2– surface tension increase in 2–34 times
At the increasing of length of hydrocarbon radical on a group CH2– surface tension increase in 2–34 times
Surface activity increases in 3-3.5 times when one group CH2– is added to the hydrocarbon radical of homologous row
At the increase of length of hydrocarbon radical on a group CH2– surface tension increase in 3–3,5 times
The solubility of a gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
The spontaneous mixing of the particles of the solute (present in the solution) and the solvent (present above the solution) to form а homogeneous mixture.
When cells are placed in а solution with а lower solute concentration (hypotonic solution), water will move into the cells.
In hypertonic solutions, those with higher solute concentrations, cells shrivel because there is а net movement of water out of the cell.
How to explain from the molecular point of view of decreasing of surface tension with the increase of temperature?
Forces of interaction between the molecules in the solution and on the boundary of two phases decrease
When computing quantities of adjuvant substances required to make liquid drug forms isotonic, the values of isotonic quotients are used. What is the quotient for zinc sulphate if known that it dissociates completely in an aqueous solution?
Reactions which are flowing past in two parties: the forward reaction - conducts to formation reaction product and reverse reaction - decomposing reaction product on mother substances:
In hypertonic solutions, those with higher solute concentrations, cells shrivel because there is а net movement of water out of the cell. The shrinkage of red blood cells in hypertonic solution.
The solubility of a gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
When cells are placed in а solution with а lower solute concentration (hypotonic solution), water will move into the cells. Red blood cells, for example, will swell and rupture.
The spontaneous mixing of the particles of the solute (present in the solution) and the solvent (present above the solution) to form а homogeneous mixture.
The process of separating the particles of colloids from those of crystalloids by diffusion of the mixture through а parchment or an animal membrane.
Under certain conditions high-molecular substances make gellies that are widely used in drug production. What process takes place during jelly ageing?
Stability of concentrated emulsions can be increased by adding surface-action substances and high-molecular compounds that are:
Solution in which the concentration of solute is less than its concentration in a saturated solution.
Solution is one in which the concentration of solute is greater than its concentration in a saturated solution.
How much (in mL) concentrated HCl (12 M) is needed in the preparation of 500 mL (0.5 M) solution of HCl?
Method consisting in removal of low-molecular impurities from colloidal systems and high-molecular compound solutions by semi-permeable membrane diffusion is called:
Particles of dispersed phase of an emulsion are deformed and look as polyhedrons. What emulsion is it?
Osmotic pressure is an importans characteristic of biological liquids. Name a solution in which the osmotic pressure has nonconstant value:
These methods involve the joining together of а large number of smaller particles to form particles of colloidal size is called condensation. What method is condensation?
Surfactants are commonly used in pharmaceutical production. What kind of surfactant is potassium oleate?
A phenomenon in which the molecules of the dispersion medium are allowed to move under the influence of an electric field whereas colloidal particles are not allowed to move:
If the amount of high-molecular substance added to the given sol is extremely small, it is possible its stability will decrease, instead of increase. What is this phenomenon called?
What is the pH of the buffer solution which is prepared by mixing of 100 ml 0.3 М NаH2РО4 solution and 100 ml 0.3 М Nа2НРО4 solution? (Ka = 6.3 ·10-8 )
Relation between change of surface tension of the solution toward the change of concentration of substance on unit
The spontaneous process by which the solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower concentration of solute into a solution of higher concentration of solute.
The process by which the solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a solvent into a solution.
The phenomenon of concentrated the molecules of а substance on the surface of а liquid or а solid resulting.
A process of passing of a precipitate into colloidal particles on adding suitable electrolyte is called
The concept “The total amount of heat evolved or absorbed in a reaction depends only upon the nature of the initial reactants and that of the final products and does not depend upon the path by which this change is brought about” is:
Hard water is made soft by passing it through a column packed with high polymer resin. This process makes use of
In hypertonic solutions, those with higher solute concentrations, cells shrivel because there is а net movement of water out of the cell. The shrinkage of red blood cells in hypertonic solution.
When cells are placed in а solution with а lower solute concentration (hypotonic solution), water will move into the cells. Red blood cells, for example, will swell and rupture.
A supersaturated solution is one in which the concentration of solute is greater than its concentration in a saturated solution.
The solubility of a gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
The dispensing chemist has been studying properties of certain disperse system classes, namely, aerosols. What optical phenomenon is characteristic of this disperse system class?
For treatment is widely apply the drugs in form of colloid-disperse systems. What method of sol production is rated as physical condensation?
Drugs in form of colloidal-and-disperse systems are widely spread in the pharmaceutical practice. What method of sol production is based upon the phenomenon of physical condensation?
The phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of а substance on the surface of а liquid or а solid resulting into a higher concentration of the molecules on the surface is:
When a thin slice of sugar beet is placed in a concentrated solution of NaCl then sugar beet will………….
A process under which the chemical interaction between the molecules of adsorbate and superficially-active molecules of adsorbent takes place is referred to as:
