A ventral root of spinal cord was damaged as a result of a trauma. The processes of the following neurons were damaged:
A 36-year-old injured with a knife wound of neck has bleeding. The blood is dark. During the wound management it was revealed that a vessel in the anterior part of the neck below the hyoid bone was damaged. Identify this vessel:
An injured person with a wound of forearm radial surface has been brought to a surgical department. Venous bleeding of the wound is observed. What blood vessel is damaged?
During an operation on account of mandibular dislocation a doctor should consider effect of a certain muscle. Its posterior fascicles draw back protruding lower jaw. What muscle is meant?
A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis - frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis - frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
A 35-year-old patient had a cerebral injury that caused a hemorrhage in the region of the medial surface of the frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus. What artery supplies blood to the area of the hemorrhage localization?
A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
A patient underwent the extraction of his isuperior medial incisor. It is supplied with blood by the branches of the following artery:
A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
A victim who had been rescued from under the ruins was found to have confused mental state, multiple subcutaneous haemorrhages on his head and neck, small wound on the face. There was a scalping in the posterosuperior parts of head and a significant deformation of head contours. What bones might have been damaged?
A patient has air embolism as a result of a skin injury in the middle portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Which cervical vein was injured?
Inflammation of tympanic cavity got complicated by the mastoid bone inflammation. Which wall of the tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate through?
A doctor needs to anaesthetize the anterior part of mucous membrane of hard palate. What nerves should he block?
It was revealed that a patient with coagulation failure has thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is affected?
A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremities caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrine glands (gland) takes place?
A victim has been delivered to a hospital with an open fracture of mandible ramus and profuse bleeding in the region of fracture. What artery is most likely to be damaged?
A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the resuscitation department with a laryngeal edema. During tracheotomy a surgeon accidentally cut across the jugular venous arch that lies within:
A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
A 58-year-old male patient consulted an urologist about acute pain during urination and decreased amount of the excreted urine. Urolithiasis was suspected. The concrements are most likely to be found in the following part of the urethra
A 38-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with inflammation of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. This branch exits the skull through the following foramen:
A 38-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with inflammation of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. This branch exits the skull through the following foramen:
During manipulations aimed at treatment of mandible dislocation a physician should pay particular attention to a muscle that pulls a capsule and interarticular disc of temporomandibular articulation exteriorly. What muscle is it?
Vishnevsky's technique of vagosympathetic blockade lies in introduction of novocaine solution along the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle above its intersection with exterior jugular vein. Within which triangle of neck is it performed?
Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
A patient has myocardium infarction of the posterior wall of the right ventricle. What artery's branches are thrombosed?
A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient's thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly should he insert a cannula?
A 30-year-old male patient consulted a dentist about a mastication disorder and pain provoked by pulling the jaw backwards. The dentist diagnosed the patient with an inflammation of one of the masticatory muscles. Which muscle is inflamed
A surgeon concluded that the biggest space for examination and surgical procedures on pancreas can be created by dissection of lig. gastrocolicum. It allows penetrates into the following space of abdominal cavity:
A patient with a craniocerebral trauma has respiratory standstill. What part of cerebrum is most likely to be damaged?
A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:
A 5 year old child was admitted to the ENT-department with suppurative inflammation of middle ear (tympanitis). It began with the inflammation of nasopharynx. What canal of temporal bone did the infection get into tympanic cavity through?
Examination of a patient with a brain cortex injury revealed that he had lost the tactile sensitivity. What part of the cerebral cortex is damaged?
An electrical cardiostimulator was implanted to a 75 y.o. man with heart rate of 40 bpm. After that heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. Cardiostumulator assumed the function of the following heart part:
An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
During an operation on a woman it became necessary to ligate her uterine artery. What formation can be accidentally ligated together with this artery?
A patient with disorder of cerebral circulation has problems with deglutition. What part of cerebrum was damaged?
A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the following diagnosis: hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemispher. The damage of what artery caused most likely this condition?
In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
A patient complains of pain in the thorax during breathing, dyspnea, restriction of coughing movements, hiccup. What respiratory muscles are affected?
To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Orthodontic treatment of a child proved to be ineffective due to the chronic mouth breathing since the nasal breathing is impaired. This is caused by the hypertrophy of the following tonsils:
A patient had a trauma that resulted in a fracture in the external inferior third of his right crus. What bone was broken?
A 42-year-old patient came to a first-aid post because of a cut wound in the lower part of the anterior shoulder surface. Objectively: the patient has difficulties with forearm flexion. What muscles are most likely to be damaged?
A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandibl. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
A mother consulted a doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
A victim has a left-sided comminuted fracture of cheekbone accompanied by loss of skin sensitivity above it. What nerve is damaged?
A patient has secretory dysfunction of the submandibular salivary galnd. Which nerve is responsible for its vegetative innervation?
A female patient has referred to a dentist with complains of bruise and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. Branch of the followingartery was damaged
A patient consulted dental surgeon about an injury of submandibular triangl. During the wound cleansing the surgeon found that the artery leading to the soft palate is damage. What artery is damaged?
A victim has a trauma resulting from the direct blow to the internal surface of the middle third of shin. What anatomic formation is most likely to be broken?
A 47-year-old female patient was diagnosed with a tumour of the tongue apex. Metastases are likely to spread into the following regional lymph nodes:
A patient was delivered to the hospital with neck injury. Examination revealed a damaged nerve located in the front part of anterior scalene muscle. What nerve is damaged
When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Heart rate of an adult man is 40/min. This rate is possible due to the following element of the cardiac conduction system:
A patient complains about having pain during mastication, especially when he moves his jaw forward or sideward. What muscles are damaged?
After destruction of CNS structure an animal lost its orientative reflexes. What exactly was destroyed?
A patient with cancer of the back of tongue had an intensive bleeding as a result of tumor spread to the dorsal artery of tongu. What vessel should be ligated in order to stop bleeding?
A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
After a hemorrhage into the brainstem a patient has lost reflex of myosis as a reaction to increase of illumination. What structure was damaged?
During examination of a child’s oral cavity a pediatrician found 8 incisors. The child’s development corresponds to his age. How old is the child?
A patient was admitted to a hospital because of a penetrating wound of mouth floor. Which muscle is injured?
A patient was admitted to a hospital because of risk of inflammation spread from the occipital area to the cranial cavity. What anatomical formation can the inflammation spread through?
A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia f movements, and dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:
A patient with acute retention of urine has been brought to an admission room. During examination a doctor found out that the patient has urethral obturation caused by pathology of the surrounding organ. Name this organ.
A patient with mandibular osteomyelitis shows the signs of plexus dentalis inferior damage and innervation disruption of his mandibular teeth and gums. What nerve provides this innervation with its branches?
A woman addressed a dentist with complains of bruise and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. Branch of the following artery was damaged:
A 28-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrauterine pregnancy complicated by tha fallopian tube rupture. The blood is most likely to penetrate the following peritoneal space:
A patient with incised wound of trapezius muscle has been referred to a traumatology department. What cervical fascia forms sheath of this muscle?
After a surgical procedure an experimental animal died from intense convulsions. What endocrinal glands were extracted?
A patient has arterial hemorrhage from the cut wound in the area of anterior part of mastication muscle. What vessel should be ligated?
A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bileexcreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
A patient with a tumour in the area of superior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate has lost pupillary reflex. This is most probably caused by dysfunction of the following nucleus of cranial nerves:
Examination of a child revealed growth of a pharyngeal tonsil causing the obstructed air escape from nasal cavity. What openings of nasal cavity are blocked in this case?
While of oral cavity examination the dentist revealed the formation of the first big cheekteeth on the lower jaw of a chil. How old is this child?
In order to anaesthetize superior incisors an anaesthetic should be injected in the region of the incisive foramen. What nerve is located in this place?
A patient has a craniocerebral trauma. X-ray examination revealed a fracture of skull base. The fracture line passes through the spinous and round foramens. What bone is damaged?
A patient complains about pain in his upper jaw and toothache. Objectively: the patient feels pain when pressed in the region of the infraorbital foramen. What nerve is affected?
A 24-year-old injured has a fracture in the middle third of the II rib. The fracture is accompanied by the dysfunction of the following muscle:
A patient suffering from caries of the left inferior premolar has got a swelling on his neck above the hyoid bone. There appeared fever, salivary discharge, contraction of masticatory muscles, difficult mouth opening. The patient was diagnosed with phlegmon of mouth floor. What muscles will be involved in the process?
A patient has an inflammation in the pterygopalatine fossa. The infection has spread to the nasal cavity. What anatomic structure has the infection penetrated through?
Inadequate treatment of middle ear inflammation (mesotympanitis) has resulted in suppurative inflammation of the cells of temporal bone mastoid process (mastoiditis). The abscess has erupted into the bed of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This pathological process is localised in the following cervical fascia:
A 23-year-old patient complains of increased salivation. Production of large amount of serous saliva is caused by the stimulation of the following vegatative ganglion
Alveolar bleeding has been detected following the extraction of the maxillary second premolar. What artery causes this kind of bleeding, when damaged?
A patient was diagnosed with a radicular cyst that had invaded nasal cavity. What tooth is most probably affected?
It was revealed that a patient with coagulation failure has thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is affected?
A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A result of a trauma a patient has got disfunction of lachrymal gland. What nerve is responsible for its secretion?
A patient has dislocation of his mandible that caused impairment of salivation and gustatory sensitivity of anterior 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve was damaged?
A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
A patient was delivered to a hospital with the fracture of mandible and considerable bleeding in the region of fracture. What artery is likely to be dameged?
Examination of a 23-year-old patient reveals that when his tongue is protruded, its tip deviates to the side. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following tongue muscle
During the examination of patient's oral cavity a dentist found a carious cavity on the crown surface of the second premolar tooth that was turned to the first molar tooth. Name the damaged crown surface:
Chronic rhinitis was complicated by inflammation of frontal sinus. What nasal meatus did the infection get into this sinus through?
Children often have laboured nasal breathing which is caused by overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. This phenomenon may cause enlargement of the following tonsils:
After a severe trauma of visceral cranium a patient has a deglutition disorder with food getting to the nasopharynx. This is the result of the following muscle’s disfunction:
An electronic microphotography of a sense organ shows some hair cells with short microvilli - stereocilia - located on their apical surface and a polar kinocilium. What sense organ are these cells typical for?
A 36-year-old patient had had a traumatic brain injury which caused a swallowing impairment. Which part of brain was affected?
A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Approach to the thyroid gland from the transversal (collar-like) access requires opening of cellular suprasternal space. It is dangerous to damage the following anatomic formation in this space:
A patient applied to a doctor with complaints about noise and painful sensations in his ear. Objectively: a patient is ill with acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. The infection that caused inflammation of tympanic cavity could have penetrated into it through the following pharynx opening:
Otopyosis has caused tympanic cavity roof to be broken by pus. From tympanic cavity pus spreads to the following cranial fossa
A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
Elderly people often complain of joint pain that can be associated with agerelated changes of tissue covering the joint surface. What tissue is it?
A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia movements, dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:
A patient arrived to the oral surgery department with dislocation of temporomandibular joint and injury of its main ligament. Name this ligament:
Due to a cranial trauma leading to damage of the eye socket superior wall a patient has lost the ability to lift the upper eyelid and look upwards. What nerve is most likely damaged?
Examination of a patient with an interbrain injury revealed the hearing impairment. What structures must be damaged?
A 39-year-old patient consulted a dentist about having a dry area of the oral mucosa beneath the tongue on the right. The dentist revealed a compression of chorda tympani as it exits to the right infratemporal fossa through the following fissura
A 40 y.o. patient had a maxillofacial trauma that resulted in disturbed function of sublingual and submaxillary glands on the left - the glands began to produce some viscous saliva. What nerve's function is disturbed?
A patient has myocardial infarction in the region of the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Circulatory dysfunction occurred in the following vascular basin:
A boy has fallen down from a tree. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm into horizontal position. Which muscle is most likely to be injured?
A patient has an injury in right lateral area of abdomen. What part of large intestine is most likely injured?
A patient with acute retention of urine has been brought to an admission room. During examination a doctorfound out that the patient has urethral obturation caused by pathology of the surrounding organ. Name this organ.
A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
A patient with hemorrhage from the lacerated wound in the angle of his mouth was delivered to the accident ward. What artery was injured?
A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
A patient with fracture of the greater wing of sphenoid bone was admitted to the craniocerebral department. The fracture line went through the spinous foramen. What vessel was damaged?
A three year old child was admitted to the hospital with a foreign body in bronches. What bronchus contains most likely a foreign body?
As a result of road accident a driver got multiple injuries of lateral surface of his head including the malar arch fracture. What muscle's function will be damaged?
A physician performs the anterior transverse cervical skin incision for urgent tracheotomy. He should keep in mind the probability of damaging the following vessel
As a result of injury of tongue a 32-year-old male had a heavy bleeding. The bleeding can be stopped by ligating an artery in the following topographic anatomic region (triangle):
X-ray examination revealed an accumulation of suppuration in maxillary sinus. Into what nasal meatus excretes the suppuration?
Underdevelopment of which parts of facial skeleton in the embryonal period is the reason for such a malformation as cleft palate?
Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
A 28 y.o. patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from his anamnesis that he was having nasal discharges for 10 days after he had recovered from flu. From which part of nasal cavity could the infection have penetrated into the nasolacrimal duct?
A patient with a tumour of thymus presents with cyanosis, expansion of subcutaneous venous network and soft tissue edema of face, neck, upper trunk and upper extremities. What vein is compressed by the tumour?
Having lost significant amount of body weight, a 70-year-old patient complains of dull pain in the lumbar area. In the result of examination he was diagnosed with floating kidney. What part of kidney supporting apparatus is most likely to be damaged?
Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
A 38 y.o. patient applied to a hospital and complained that she had lost sensation of food touching anterior 2/3 of her tongue as well as pain and temperature sensation (burned her tongue with hot tea) after an acute viral respiratory disease. It is caused by the damage of the following nerve branch:
It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of urethra:
A 33-year-old patient complains of an impairment of skin sensitivity in the medial part of the dorsal and palmar surface of hand. Which nerve is damaged?
The emergency department admitted a 48-year-old male with a blunt abdominal injury on the right and a suspected rupture of liver. Which of these peritoneal structures can be expected to include blood accumulations?
A 68-year-old female patient with a history of glaucoma has increased intraocular pressure with normal secretion of aqueous humor by ciliary body. The inadequate outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber is associated with the damage to the following structure of the eyeball wall:
To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
A patient complains of having urination disorder. He is diagnosed the hypertrophy of prostate gland. What part of gland is damaged?
After a trauma of soft tissues in the region of the posterior sorface of medial condyle of humerus a patient has got a skin prickle of medial forearm surface. Which of the listed nerves is located in the affected region?
A 46 year old patient was admitted to the hematological department. It was found that he had disorder of granulocytopoesis and thrombocytogenesis processes. In what organ does this pathological process take pace?
Heart auscultation revealed diastolic murmur in the II intercostal space along the right parasternal line. This is the evidence of the following valve pathology
A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
Vagosympathetic Vishnevsky’s block involves introduction of novocaine along the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle above its intersection with exterior jugular vein. The block is performed within the following triangle of neck:
A 36-year-old patient presents with periodontitis of the mandibular molar. It was found that inflammation had spread to the lymph nodes. What lymph nodes were the first to be involved in the inflammatory process?
During examination of a child’s oral cavity a pediatrician established presence of inferior medial incisors. The child’s development is normal. How old is the child?
During ablation of the nose wing lypoma a dentist injured a vessel, which caused a saphenous hematom. What vessel was damaged?
A 60-year-old male patient is unable to urinate after a surgery and needs a catheter installation. When a manipulator is not skilled enough, he can pierce the ureter in its following part (normally it’s the narrowest part):
A patient consulted a doctor about an inflammation of the ethmoid bone cells (ethmoiditis). Examination revealed the disorder of blood supply to the bone. Ethmoidal cells are normally supplied with blood through the branches of the following artery
A 70-year-old patient is diagnosed with brainstem haemorrhage. Examination revealed increased tonus of flexor muscles accompanied by decreased tonus of extensor muscles. Such changes in muscle tonus can be explained by the irritation of the following brain structures
A patient lost consciousness as a result of a cerebral trauma. This might be caused by damaging the following zones of cerebral cortex:
In course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. As a result of it sublingual and submaxillary glands discharge some dense viscous saliva. What nerve is being stimulated?
During the examination of patient's oral cavity a dentist noticed a slight overbite of mandibular teeth by maxillary incisors. What occlusion does belong such position of teeth to?
A patient has secretory dysfunction of the submandibular salivary galnd. Which nerve is responsible for its vegetative innervation?
Study of a patient’s facial gesture revealed that he couldn’t whistle, round his lips; mouth corners didn’t rise during laughing, oral fissure stretched sidewards (transversal smile). These symptoms indicate the atrophy of the following muscle:
On examination a patient was revealed to have a large amount of mucus accumulated in the nasal cavity. The mucus covers the mucosa and blocks the olfactory receptors. Where exactly are these receptors situated in a nasal cavity?
A woman with a tumour of the pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice due to compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
A 34-year-old injured is unable to nod his head (impaired flexion and extension of head). This is caused by the dysfunction of the following joint:
A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine; urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
A patient consulted a doctor about difficulties with urinary excretion. Examination revealed hypertrophy of an organ that encloses proximal part of urethra. What organ is it?
A doctor noted in the patient’s case history, that the wound entry hole is situated in the submandibular triangle. What anatomical landmark binds this area?
A patient consulted a doctor about difficult chewing. On examination he was found to have the atrophy of the right temporal muscle and masticatory muscles. Upon opening the mouth, the patient’s jaw deviates to the left. What nerve is affected?
Examination of nasal cavity revealed deviation of the posterior part of nasal septum. What bone is affected?
In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an experimental animal were cut through. The animal didn’t lose the following sensations:
Examination of a patient revealed change of secretory function of a parotid gland. It is connected with disturbance of its vegetative innervation. What ganglion of vegetative nervous system gives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers for it?
A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
A patient consulted a doctor about high pain sensitivity of skin behind his auricle and external acoustic meatus. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle is painful. It can be caused by irritation of the following nerve:
A 28 year old patient was diagnosed: an acute inflammation of mucuos membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from his past history that after influenza he had been having nasal excretions for 10 days. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection get into the nasolacrimal duct?
A patient has assymetric face; it is especially noticeable during active muscle contraction. What nerve may be damaged?
A patient has the inflammation of middle ear (otitis). At the same time he claims to have the disorder of gustatory sensation in the front part of tongu. What nerve is damaged?
A surgeon is going to take lymph from a patient's thoracic duct, from where it flows into the venous stream. Where should he insert a catheter into?
After an operation a patient's sensitivity of front and lateral surface of neck has reduce. What nerve is damaged?
Deglutition of a patient is disturbed as a result of a trauma. The most probable cause of this disturbance is affection of the following part of CNS:
A patient had a cranial trauma that resulted in sight loss. What area of cerebral cortex was damaged?
A patient has lost ability to recognize the objects by the typical for them sounds (clock, bell, music). What part of brain is most likely damaged?
A boy has been diagnosed with a hydrocele (fluid collection within the scrotum). Which scrotum tunica contains this liquid?
During a brain surgery it was noticed that stimulation of certain zones of cerebral cortex caused tactile and thermal sensations in patient. Which zone was being stimulated?
A patient has chronic rhinitis. Nasal cavity mucosa swelling causes disruption of the olfactory nerve receptors placed in the nasal cavity olfactory region. What formation allows for olfactory nerve endings to enter into anterior cranial fossa?
A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
During lancing of deep abscess of a cheek a vertical section was performe D. It resulted in paresis (dysfunction) of muscles on the side of operation. There were cut the branches of the following nerve:
A patient has a right-sided fracture and a hemorrhage (haematoma) in the area of anterior third of his lower jaw, loss of skin sensitivity in the area of his chin. What nerve was damaged?
A child is 6 years old. The permanent teeth have started to take the place of the primary teeth. What teeth are the first to emerge?
A victim of a road accident has an abruption of a part of mandibular angle, displacement of fragment backwards and upwards. What ligament is responsible for this displacement?
After a patient recovered from a cold he got disturbed lacrimation. What vegetative ganglion was damaged most of all?
Due to a stroke (cerebral hemorrhage) a patient has lost the ability of voluntary movement of the head and neck muscles. Brain examination revealed the hematoma to be situated within the genu of internal capsule. What conduction pathway is damaged?
An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
In order to make a functional complete denture the left superior canine of a patient should be extracte. After the infraorbital anesthesia the patient got a rapidly growing hematoma in the front part of face. It was found that the injured artery is a branch of:
A 5-year-old child with diagnosis of diphtheria has been hospitalised in severe condition in a contagious isolation ward. Tracheostomy had to be performed on the child to prevent asphyxiation. This operation was caried out in the following neck triangle (trigonum):
A 42-year-old patient has an inflammation of the inner ear. After the examination, the doctor revealed the affection of the first neuron bodies of the auditory analyzer. Where are they localized?
A dentist revealed a shallow cavity with damaged enamel between two central superior incisors. He diagnosed a patient with caries. On what surface of tooth crown will the dentist fill the tooth?
Examination of a patient’s oral cavity revealed contacting cutting edges of his superior and inferior incisors. Such tooth position is typical for the following occlusion:
